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A Private Disgrace: Lizzie Borden
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~Winner of the Mystery Writers of America Edgar Award for Best Fact True Crime Novel of the Year, 1967~
A Private Disgrace is the single best account of the ghastly murders which took place in Fall River, Massachusetts on August 14, 1892.
Lizzie Andrew Borden (b.1860 – d.1927) was tried and acquitted in the 1892 axe murders of her father and stepmother in Fall River, Massachusetts. Media coverage of the case created a furor throughout the United States reminiscent of the Rosenberg, Claus von Bulow and O.J. Simpson trials. No other suspect was ever charged with the double homicide, and speculation on the case continues to this day.
The case is curious because there was no physical evidence linking Lizzie to the murder. The broken axe the police found in the basement was clean of blood and the police refused to use forensic testing for fingerprints (a science then in its infancy). The defense raised evidence that Andrew Borden was a hard businessman who had made many enemies. On the other hand, the atmosphere in the Borden household was tense, Lizzie resented her stepmother, she was prone to mental instability, and she had purchased poison a few days before the murders which police suspected was the cause of food poisoning. There was a financial motive: Lizzie was upset her father had transferred property she was due to inherit to other family members. And then there was the 'paint stained' dress Lizzie burned three days after the murder…
In March 2012, the handwritten journals of one of Lizzie's defense attorneys, Andrew Jennings, finally came to light. The journals, which contain newspaper clippings and notes Jennings made at the time of trial indicate he felt Lizzie was innocent. However, in later years there was tension between Lizzie and Jennings. Once the trial was over, Jennings cut off any mention of it with a firm statement that he preferred not to discuss it. The sudden disappearance of the Borden maid back to Ireland always cast a shadow over the characters of Lizzie’s three attorneys, and Lizzie resented their whopping $25,000 legal bill (an ungodly sum of money back in 1893). Attorney's get paid to believe their clients are innocent, and Lizzie's three lawyers got paid better than most.
Lizzie’s three lawyers got paid better than most...
Although there are many books written on the double homicide and subsequent murder trial, A Private Disgrace is far and above the most readable and also the only book written by someone who both lived in the same neighborhood, and knew, the aging Lizzie Borden. Victoria Lincoln was a professional writer who grew up in Fall River, near Lizzie Borden. As the daughter of a family that produced machinery for the cotton mills that were the foundation of Fall River’s economy, Miss Lincoln grew up acutely aware of the social distinctions, manners and mores of the society to which the Bordens belonged and in which Lizzie's trial took place. This first-hand knowledge, combined with her painstaking research, make her unique among writers about the case.
Lincoln’s hypothesis in 1967 that Lizzie suffered from a form of temporal lobe epilepsy is widely disregarded today, and recently uncovered documents may indicate that some of the “facts” on which Miss Lincoln relied were, in fact, gossip. Even so, she makes a convincing – and entertaining – argument for Lizzie’s guilt, one which would likely cause Lizzie to be labeled a 'sociopath' using today's modern psychological definitions.
- Sales Rank: #74013 in eBooks
- Published on: 2012-11-19
- Released on: 2012-11-19
- Format: Kindle eBook
About the Author
VICTORIA LINCOLN was born in 1904 in Fall River, Massachusetts, where she lived until she graduated from the B.M.C. Durfee public high school in 1922. She majored in English at Radcliffe College, married the scion of a well-to-do Southern family, divorced, and later married Victor Lowe, a professor of philosophy whose primary interest was in the work of Alfred North Whitehead. They settled in Baltimore, Maryland. She had one child from her first marriage and two from her second. Miss Lincoln wrote many essays and short stories for women’s magazines and several novels including February Hill (an early success in 1934) and Charles (1962) about Charles Dickens. After many years of wanting to write about Lizzie Borden, and despite advice that the market for books on Lizzie was saturated, she decided that her unique perspective on the murders deserved a hearing. A PRIVATE DISGRACE received an Edgar as the best non-fiction crime book of 1967 from the Mystery Writers of America. In 1981 Miss Lincoln died in her home in Baltimore. She was 76.
Most helpful customer reviews
43 of 43 people found the following review helpful.
Excellent, insightful account unlike any other
By Librarian
I first read this fabulous book many years ago after reading notable earlier treatments about Lizzie Borden by Edmund Pearson and Edward D. Radin. I have since read numerous others on this subject, not a few (like Radin, Frank Spiering and Arnold R. Brown) arguing against Lizzie being the perpetrator. But I personally find Victoria Lincoln's presentation to be superior in many ways to all but one of them, that one being "Goodbye Lizzie Borden," by Robert Sullivan. A former judge, Sullivan provides a particularly thorough, well-researched, no-nonsense, objective overview and analysis. But as much as I like his book, it appears to be out-of-print. Therefore, not having to decide between the two, I can safely say that Lincoln's excellent book is the VERY BEST currently available.
Considerably different in style, "A Private Disgrace," though less straightforward and more subjective than Sullivan's book, provides some keen, personal insights into the setting of the crime which Sullivan and the others do not. (As a child Lincoln lived near the Borden residence and actually met the mature, post-trial Lizzie.) Her literary style can be a little off-putting at first, but it becomes quite engaging once you get used to it. Like Sullivan, she regards Lizzie as guilty and proceeds accordingly. (This is not a spoiler; the descriptive blurb for this book in the Kindle Store says as much, and so does Lincoln herself in the first few pages of her book.)
The purpose of this book, therefore, is not to exonerate Lizzie and keep the reader guessing until book's end to learn the identity of the "real" culprit (as some other books tend to do). Rather, Lincoln essentially explains why Lizzie did it, how she did it, and how she got away with it. This includes portraying the overall locale as well as the specific crime-scene, Lizzie's motivation, the family's profoundly troubled inter-personal relationships, the how's and the why's of the two murders, the conduct of the investigation, Lizzie's trial and acquittal, local public reaction, and subsequent events in her life. Significantly, being found "not guilty" was not equal to a proclamation of Lizzie's innocence. The evidence (or lack of it) which failed to convict her never led to anyone else being formally accused and tried for these murders. Thus, after the trial ended, in the court of popular opinion her "innocence" was questionable at best and highly doubtful at worst, and she bore the stigma of being a murderess (whether true or not) for the rest of her life.
This very descriptive book often reads like a novel, and overall is as "entertaining" (if that word may be used in the context of the depiction of such a terrible crime) as it is revealing. Is Lincoln 100% correct in all matters pertaining to the crime? Undoubtedly she is not, but Lincoln dares to touch on all aspects of the crime, including some which other authors have tended to avoid as being indelicate. For example, Lizzie was known to have had "peculiar spells." Obviously these spells must be indicative of SOME type of medical condition; Lincoln identifies it as "temporal epilepsy." Others might disagree and prefer to call her affliction something else. But the documented fact is that these behavorial aberrations (by whatever term one may choose to label them) coincided with Lizzie's menstrual cycle -- and that (according to testimony) she DID have her period the very day of the murders! Due to this hormonal influence in one to whom such recurrent imbalances had earlier caused troubling instances of "odd" behavior, Lizzie was (to say the very least) not her "usual" or "normal" self at the time of the murders. While not necessarily a causal factor in and of itself, this nevertheless could have exacerbated an already negative situation and tipped the scales whereby previous thoughts of murder now led to actual murder, and hitherto controllable anger suddenly turned into uncontrollable rage (the vehemence of which is obvious from the extreme number of additional blows rendered to each victim after the initial death blow). It also helps to explain (but not excuse) some of her confused and erratic behavior afterward.
None of this exonerates Lizzie or mitigates the horror of her crime, but it allows us to better understand her (or at least TRY to) as a real and troubled human being rather than as some abstract character in a mystery-story puzzle. Those who examine this case should not do so merely as a mental exercise about who (other than Lizzie) might have done it, but as a psychological conumdrum regarding what demons could have possibly driven ANYONE (but particularly Lizzie) to commit two such horrific and gruesome murders. This is what Lincoln does, and does quite well.
In fact, Lincoln has probably come the closest of anyone to date (even though this book was originally written back in 1967) in providing an accurate depiction of what really happened (and why) that fateful day. Indeed, reading this book is like traveling back to 1892 in a time-machine to actually see events as they unfold. And we soon realize that truly trying to understand this vicious crime and Lizzie's degree of involvement in it, is far more complex than some other books on the subject would lead one to believe. It has often been said, "The devil's in the details." Nowhere is that more true than here. While some facts and details speak for themselves, others do not, and mere recapitulation of them is ultimately inadequate; it requires the type of insightful analysis provided by Lincoln in this book to place these bits and pieces of information in context in order to interpret their deeper significance and move beyond a superficial understanding of the case. Yes, there are many Lizzie Borden books on the market, but honest, thoughtful, and discerning examinations of the case by someone intimately familiar with the time, the place, the people (and especially the psychology of those people) are rare; in fact, they are limited to just one: THIS ONE!
Because Lincoln's account is a unique and significent contribution to the extensive body of literature pertaining to this enigmatic case, you will want to read it. Even if you do not agree with the author that Lizzie did it, you will want to know what Lincoln purports happened to be better able to refute her views in support of your own homicidal candidate: Bridget? Emma? Lizzie's Uncle John? Her cousin? A boyfriend? One of Andrew Borden's enemies? A vagrant? Or two (or more) of the aforementioned acting together? If, on the other hand, you believe in Lizzie's guilt, you will wish to discover the extent to which Lincoln's views reflect, support or otherwise confirm your own. So, in either instance, this is a vital resource for all those interested in the Lizzie Borden case. It is certainly an intriguing case, and this is an equally intriguing, but an even more revealing, book.
8 of 8 people found the following review helpful.
Superb analysis but tedious writing style
By seagull
I'd give this book 5 stars for the author's first-rate analysis of the events and testimony pertaining to the Borden murders, sifting through thousands of pages of testimony to find striking contradictions and inconsistencies that no one else noticed or cared about. However, her style is so plodding and contrived that, while I forced myself to continue for the sake of the subject matter, I could only bear to read it in small bites. She describes certain characters in the book as confusing, dull, or long-winded in their testimony or letter-writing, yet the author really loves to hear her own voice and doesn't spare us any of it; her narrative is overly precious and she condescendingly addresses her readers as if we were hanging spellbound on her every word. Her style really mars what would otherwise be a great book. She also vacillates between rejecting her hometown of Fall River (which she left 40 years before writing this book) as possessing a mindset she cannot relate to, and using her familiarity with the attitudes of the town and her proximity to the Bordens to cast an air of authority over her book. Lastly, the Kindle edition (purchased August 2015) is rife with typos and grammatical and punctuation errors which render some passages incomprehensible. A cursory proofread would have been appreciated.
7 of 7 people found the following review helpful.
Lizzie Borden
By MissElainesMusings
Victoria Lincoln wrote A Private Disgrace: Lizzie Borden by Daylight in 1967. As a native of Fall River, Massachutes, Lizzie's hometown and scene of the horrific 1893 murders of Andrew and Abby Borden, she grew up fascinated by Lizzie's story. Her research was slow and inhibited by Fall River's ongoing shame at it's grisly notoriety. Over one hundred years later public opinion is still divided over Ms
Borden's guilt or innocence.
As Miss Lincoln hails from Fall River, she does offer unique insight into the psyche of Fall River and it's residents, thus also giving the reader a glimpse into the mindset of Andrew, Lizzie and Emma Borden. Fall River in the 1890's was a textile town whose distinctions in class were still sharply divided into the "haves" and "have nots", where Irish immigrants were third class citizens at best and the town was divided by old money and the citizens who worked for them.
Andrew Borden was a self made man who began his climb to fortune as a second rate undertaker, parlaying his earnings into a slum lord, property owner and banker. At the time of his death his net worth was close to half a million 1893 dollars.
His first marriage to Alice Morse ended with her death when Lizzie was 2 and Emma 12. A third daughter, Alice (born when Emma was 5) did not survive past her 2nd birthday.
Whether because he felt his daughters' needed a mother, he married the hapless Abby several years after Alice death. Abby had a predilection to overrating and what would now be considered agoraphobia. Consequently, she was not well known in Fall River. From the start Emma and Lizzie resented her and their relationship was not close. However, their hatred for poor Abby did not start until much later when a seemingly benign real estate transfer whereby he purchased Abby's mother small house and titled it to Abby, did the sisters explode. Even Andrew's subsequent purchase of a home (used for rental income) for Lizzie and Emma to split did not appease the sisters.
Needless to say, the Borden home was a house divided with Andrew and Abby vs the spinster sisters. It should be noted that while a miser himself, Andrew was extremely generous with both his daughters.
Regardless tensions in the home on 2nd Street ran deep. At the same time, Lizzie suffered from a form of epilepsy usually around the time of her menstrual periods. Great pains were taken by Andrew and Emma to keep Lizzie calm, happy, but Lincoln stresses Lizzie's epilepsy and "brownouts" in the book.
Lincoln delved thru long lost court and inquest testimony and transcripts. While the book can be tedious and repetitive, ultimately Lincoln's conclusions are well thought out and she reconstructs a plausible explanation as to how the murders of August 4, 1893 were commited in broad daylight and an even more sensible explanation as to why Miss Borden got away with a double homicide.
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